Is there evidence of OVAW-P? If yes, what are the manifestations of OVAW-P?
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OVAW-P was more prevalent among women candidates on Facebook with at least one in two of the
women's accounts monitored (55.7 percent) experiencing some form of OVAWP compared to 35.4 percent
among the men candidates.
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Additionally, each of the forms of violence observed was more prevalent towards those women
candidates, especially sexual violence which was predominantly experienced by women candidates.
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On Twitter, online violence disproportionately affected women, with significantly higher percentages of
women experiencing sexual harassment, hate speech, and disinformation compared to men.